SC260 LESSON 4 AND 5 ANSWERS - ASHWORTH
SC260 Lesson 4&5 Answers (Ashworth)
Question 1
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Which of the following is an example of a fundamental niche?
Question options:
A mouse feeding on only small seeds in the presence of a competitor
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An amphibian laying eggs in all possible habitats
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A bird nesting on top of a tree in the presence of predators
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A lizard feeding on insects only at dawn when snakes are present
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Question 2
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0 / 2.5 points
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The greater the number of links in a food chain, the higher the:
Question options:
species diversity.
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number of top predators.
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connectance.
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mean chain length.
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Question 3
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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When an ecologist compares the diversity of different communities by counting the number of species within each community, the measure of diversity being used is called:
Question options:
species evenness.
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species diversity.
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species richness.
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relative abundance.
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Question 4
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Changes in community composition and structure over time are called:
Question options:
succession.
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stratification.
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zonation.
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characterization.
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Question 5
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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What can paleoecologists utilize to assess which tree species existed in an area?
Question options:
Climate models
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Soil types
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DNA from current trees
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Ancient pollen
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Question 6
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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A diffuse species interaction infers that the effects of:
Question options:
predation by one species on another is strong.
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competition by one species on another is strong.
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competition by one species on another is weak.
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predation is stronger than those of competition.
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Question 7
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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As glaciers in North America melted, formerly glaciated areas were invaded by:
Question options:
ice.
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tundralike vegetation.
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boreal forest, dominated by spruce and jack pine.
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various species of trees, including spruce, white pine, oaks, and maples.
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Question 8
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0 / 2.5 points
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What is the resource-ratio hypothesis?
Question options:
Late successional species are not affected by species of previous stages.
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There are three strategies respecting resource use by plants.
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There is a pattern of changing allocation of carbon to aboveground tissues.
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The process of succession is determined by who gets there first.
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Question 9
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Why might biologists assemble species into functional groups when examining community structure?
Question options:
To better focus on species by species interactions
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To fit the null model
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To understand the significance of a single species by assembling them in functional groups
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To understand functional types because the impact of individual species might not be a significant factor.
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Question 10
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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According to the theory of island biogeography, the islands with the most species will be:
Question options:
small and close to the mainland.
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small and far from the mainland.
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large and close to the mainland.
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large and far from the mainland.
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Question 11
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0 / 2.5 points
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When we observe a corridor wide enough to contain an interior habitat, we are looking at:
Question options:
functional connectivity.
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a patch.
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a strip corridor.
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a filter effect.
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Question 12
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Which backyard would you predict to have the greatest diversity of birds?
Question options:
one with newly planted seedlings
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one with 5- to 10-year-old trees
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one with 25- to 50-year-old trees
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one with 60- to 100-year-old trees
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Question 13
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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When apparent competition occurs, the:
Question options:
populations of predator and prey species are smaller.
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population of the predator species is larger and the populations of the prey species are smaller.
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population of the predator species is smaller and the populations of the prey species are larger.
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populations of predator and prey species are larger.
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Question 14
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Zonation within a community is typically the result of differences in the:
Question options:
patterns of predation among species within a community.
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rates of reproduction among species within a community.
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patterns of competition among species within a community.
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physical characteristics of the environment across a spatial gradient.
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Question 15
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Which of the following is considered a guild?
Question options:
Mammals
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Coniferous forest
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Top predators
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Insect-feeding birds
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Question 16
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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In succession, which type of environmental change occurs when the physical environment changes, such as an increase in temperature or salinity?
Question options:
Allopatric
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Allogenic
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Autozygous
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Autogenic
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Question 17
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Question options:
Large patches of habitat usually contain fewer species than small patches.
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Large animals usually have larger home ranges than smaller animals.
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Carnivore home ranges are usually smaller than herbivore home ranges.
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Small species are usually limited to small habitat patches.
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Question 18
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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The number of species within a community is usually greatest when:
Question options:
no disturbance occurs.
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a low frequency of disturbance occurs.
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an intermediate frequency of disturbance occurs.
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a high rate of disturbance occurs.
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Question 19
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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Which of the following communities can be expected to have the highest species richness?
Question options:
Community 1 sustains 34 species of high evenness.
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Community 2 sustains 36 species with very low evenness.
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Community 3 sustains 35 species of high evenness.
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Community 4 sustains 33 species of low evenness.
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Question 20
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2.5 / 2.5 points
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An organismic concept of communities was developed by:
Question options:
Gleason.
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Simpson.
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Shannon.
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Clements.
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